1. b
There is no penalty in match play. In stroke play, there is a two-stroke penalty and you would play the ball as it lies [Rule 19-5a].
2. a
When taking relief from abnormal ground conditions, such as casual water, the player must drop his ball within one club-length of and not nearer the hole than the nearest point of relief. The rules make no distinction between rough and fairway. If the nearest point of relief for a ball in the rough is on the fairway, then that is where you must drop it [Rule 25-1b(i)].
3. c
Once you have addressed the ball (taken your stance and grounded your club), you are responsible if the ball moves. The penalty for moving your ball is one stroke and the ball must be replaced [Rule 18-2b]. If you hit the ball without replacing it, the penalty is two strokes.
4. b
The definition of “out of bounds” states that objects that define or identify out of bounds (walls, fences, stakes, railings, etc.) are fixed. You are not entitled to free relief from objects on the golf course that are “fixed.” If you cannot play your ball, you must proceed under one of the relief options for an unplayable ball [Rule 28] and add a one-stroke penalty to your score.
5. b
You may play a provisional ball for a ball that may be lost outside a water hazard or out of bounds. If you find your original ball, and it is neither lost nor out of bounds, you must abandon the provisional and proceed with the original [Rule 27-2c]. If you continue with the provisional after you have found the original, you are playing a wrong ball (loss of hole in match play; two-stroke penalty in stroke play and you must correct the mistake before teeing off on the next hole or you will be disqualified under Rule 15-3).
